By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Researchers have known that both boys and girls who are victims of bullying are at elevated risk for depression, including bullying online.
Now, a new study suggests that bullying-related depression among adolescent girls may lead to substance use.
As schools reopen following the holidays, the message to parents of adolescent girls is that bullying can have serious consequences, according to researcher Jeremy Luk of the University of Washington.
“If your daughter is a victim of bullying, take it seriously, do all possible to prevent recurrence, and attend to possible depression and substance use,” he said.
“For parents of boys who are bullied: Depression is still an issue, but it may not explain the relation between victimization and substance use.”
Luk, a doctoral student in child clinical psychology, reported his findings in the December issue of the journal Prevention Science.
His study is the first to identify depression as a possible link to the relation between victimization and substance use among adolescents. The findings are generalizable because they are based on data from a nationally representative sample of 1,495 tenth graders.
Luk’s research was based on data on bullying from the 2005/2006 U.S. Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC).
“Bullying is a serious problem among adolescents. Previous research has shown that it is associated with loneliness, depression and suicide. But no previous national studies have identified depression as an explanation for the relationship between victimization from bullying and substance use,” Luk said.
The survey measured depression by asking 10th graders: how often in the past 30 days they: (1) were very sad; (2) were grouchy or irritable, or in a bad mood; (3) felt hopeless about the future; (4) felt like not eating or eating more than usual; (5) slept a lot more or a lot less than usual; and (6) had difficulty concentrating on their school work.
Responses were coded one to five: “never,” “seldom,” “sometimes,” “often,” and “always.” Substance use was measured by asking number of occasions in the past 30 days that adolescents had (1) smoked cigarettes; (2) drunk alcohol; (3) been drunk and (4) used marijuana.
For each item, four categories were created: “never,” “once or twice,” “three to five times” and “more than five times.”
